The term “log” has its origins in the Old English word “logg,” which referred to a part of a tree, particularly a large branch or trunk. Here’s a detailed chronological breakdown:
1. Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
The PIE root “leg-” or “legh-” means “to lie down” or “to be situated,” related to fallen trees or parts of trees lying on the ground.
2. Proto-Germanic
From the PIE root, the Proto-Germanic word “*laguz” developed, which referred to something that lies down, particularly wood or trees.
3. Old Norse
The Proto-Germanic word evolved into Old Norse “lǫg” or “log,” referring to a tree trunk or a log.
4. Old English (c. 5th to 11th century CE)
The term “logg” in Old English was used to describe a large branch or trunk of a tree, retaining its meaning related to wood.
5. Middle English (c. 11th to 15th century CE)
The Old English “logg” evolved into Middle English “log,” maintaining the meaning of a piece of a tree or timber.
6. Modern English (from 15th century CE to present)
The term “log” evolved into its current form and pronunciation, referring to a part of a tree trunk or branch that has been cut or fallen.
The word “log” also came to be associated with records or journals, particularly those kept on ships, where a “logbook” was used to record navigation details. This usage likely derives from the practice of using a wooden log attached to a line to measure a ship’s speed, which was then recorded in the logbook. Thus, the term “log” in the context of a written record or journal evolved from this nautical practice.
Overall, the word “log” reflects its origins in describing wood and its extended meaning in keeping records, especially in maritime contexts.